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КАМНИ

Камни

Ювелирные разновидности и поделочные камни, каждый связан с минералами, из которых он состоит.

Рубин

The red gem variety of corundum, coloured principally by chromium.

Red to purplish redМинерал · Корунд

Сапфир

Gem corundum other than ruby; blue is the best-known colour, while other colours are called fancy sapphire.

Blue and every non-red gem colourМинерал · Корунд

Изумруд

The green to bluish-green gem variety of beryl, coloured mainly by chromium, vanadium, or both.

Green to bluish greenМинерал · Берилл

Аквамарин

The green-blue to blue gem variety of beryl, with colour related to iron.

Light greenish blue to blueМинерал · Берилл

Аметист

The purple gem variety of quartz; its colour involves iron-related centres and natural irradiation.

Purple to reddish purpleМинерал · Кварц

Алмаз

Gem-quality diamond is crystalline carbon; colourless material is best known, but natural fancy colours also occur.

Colourless and fancy coloursМинерал · Алмаз

Благородный опал

Opal whose ordered silica structure produces play-of-colour through diffraction.

Variable body colour with spectral play-of-colourМинерал · Opal

Гранат

A gemstone family spanning several garnet species and colours rather than one composition.

Red is classic; also orange, green, yellow and purpleМинерал · Garnet group

Топаз

Transparent topaz used as a gem; natural and treated material occurs in several colours.

Colourless, blue, yellow, orange, pink and othersМинерал · Топаз

Турмалин

A gemstone family drawn from several species of the tourmaline supergroup and noted for exceptional colour diversity.

Nearly every colourМинерал · Турмалин

Шпинель

Transparent gem spinel; its red is caused by chromium, the same trace element that colours ruby.

Red and pink are classic; also blue, violet and other coloursМинерал · Шпинель

Ляпис-лазурь

A rock rather than a single mineral: an aggregate mainly of lazurite, calcite and pyrite, prized for its deep blue.

Dark blue to violetish blue, sometimes with gold-coloured pyrite flecksМинерал · Lazurite · Кальцит

Агат

A translucent, usually banded variety of microcrystalline quartz, used as a semiprecious stone and in carvings.

Brown, white, red, grey, pink, black or yellow, typically in bandsМинерал · Кварц

Хризолит

The green, gem-quality variety of olivine. Peridot belongs to the forsterite–fayalite series, and most peridot lies close to its magnesium-rich forsterite end.

Yellowish green; the finest is a pure grass greenМинерал · Форстерит